Synthesis Reaction Definition and Examples

A synthesis reaction or direct combination reaction is one of the most common types of chemical reaction. In a synthesis reaction, two or more chemical species combine to form a more complex product: A B → AB. In this form, a synthesis reaction is easy to recognize because you have more reactants than products. Two or more reactants combine to make one larger compound. One way to think of synthesis reactions is that they are the reverse of a decomposition reaction. Synthesis Reaction Examples In the simplest synthesis reactions, two elements combine to form a binary compound (a compound made of two elements). The combination of iron and sulfur to form iron (II) sulfide is an example of a synthesis reaction: 8 Fe S8 → 8 FeS Another example of a synthesis reaction is the formation of potassium chloride from potassium and chlorine gas: 2K(s) Cl2(g) → 2KCl(s) As in these reactions, its common for a metal to react with a nonmetal. One typical nonmetal is oxygen, as in the everyday synthesis reaction of rust formation: 4 Fe (s) 3 O2 (g) → 2 Fe2O3 (s) Direct combination reactions arent always just simple elements reacting to form compounds: Another everyday synthesis reaction, for example, is the reaction that forms hydrogen sulfate, a component of acid rain. Here, the sulfur oxide compound reacts with water to form a single product: SO3 (g) H2O (l) → H2SO4 (aq) Multiple Products So far, the reactions you have seen have only one product molecule on the right-hand side of the chemical equation. Lets take a look at more complex reactions with multiple products. For example, the overall equation for photosynthesis: CO2 H2O → C6H12O6 O2 The glucose molecule is more complex than either carbon dioxide or water. Remember, the key to identifying a synthesis or direct combination reaction is to recognize two or more reactants form a more complex product molecule. Predictable Products Certain synthesis reactions form predictable products. For example: Combining two pure elements will form a binary compound.A metallic oxide and carbon dioxide will form a carbonate.Binary salts combined with oxygen form a chlorate.

The Dining Room Was Absolutely Silent - 1115 Words

The dining room was absolutely silent, only the sounds of chewing and silverware clatter were audible. The tension was thick enough to run a knife through, it made no sense why it had gotten this bad. The mother of the family, Else, sat in the right end of the table, her husband, Carter, in the other end. Their five children sat in the sides of the table. The smallest of the five, Evelyn, who is eleven years old, sat closest to her mother. Next to her was her older brother, Lester, who is 15. Closest to dad was one of the twins, Isaac, who is 13. Across were the final siblings, Louis, the oldest of the five, and the remaining twin, Isaiah. Their dog sat a few meters away from them, waiting anxiously for his share of food. Evelyn thought nothing of the whole silence thing, it was frequent at dinner time, especially after his bigger brother had a secret to share with their parents. She didn t know what it was, but she guessed it was bad. The twins had a better idea of what might have upset their parents and the oldest brothers a lot. They remember Lester bringing a boy one particular night, and let s just say, it ended in a frightful scream and a big fight between the older boys and their parents. The three siblings shared a few looks, they were all clueless of what was stirring with the elders. Ever so often, the three would get occasional looks from the older boys, but never their parents. Their parents just looked at each other and at Lester and Louis. Their dad finallyShow MoreRelatedShip Narrative Essay1302 Words   |  6 PagesA wide smile was spread across my face as I advanced towards the ship filled with excitement, my family loosely trailing behind. I felt that there was not a moment to waste . Of course, I had to wait for my family to catch up and so I waited, but that only halted me for a second. Apparently taking pictures on the walkway was not permitted. 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Her blonde hair spilling in golden waves over her shoulders, reaching just slightly above her waist. Her natural pink lips always curling into a smile. Her hazel eyes sparkling with joy each time she talks to him animatedly. Read MoreWealth Inequality in the Bible3308 Words   |  14 Pages(Cite) Turchin also analyzes economic inequality within the United States over the past 200 years. Within the time frame of the 1800s to the 1920s, economic inequality â€Å"increased more than a hundredfold.† Then from this point until the 1980s there was a period known as the â€Å"Great Compression† where economic equality grew. Over the past 40 years the trend has turned back towards inequality, and we find ourselves reentering an elitist, discriminatory system. 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UOB Bank Advertisement Free Essays

string(78) " endearing philosophy of this female-only product, â€Å"The Men Don’t Get It\." UOB Lady’s Card -â€Å"The men don’t get it† 1. 0 Introduction of the Company United Overseas Bank Limited (UOB) is a leading bank in Asia. It provides a wide range of financial services through its global network of over 500 offices in 19 countries and territories in Asia Pacific, Western Europe and North America, including banking subsidiaries in Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and mainland China. We will write a custom essay sample on UOB Bank Advertisement or any similar topic only for you Order Now UOB (Malaysia) offers an extensive range of commercial and personal financial services through its branches, subsidiaries and associate companies: commercial lending, investment banking, treasury services, trade services, cash management, home loans, credit cards, wealth management, general insurance and life assurance. UOB also plays an active role in the community, focusing on children, education and the arts. UOB has been established the annual UOB Heartbeat Run to raise funds for charity. Today, UOB is rated among the world’s top banks by Moody’s Investors Service, receiving B for financial strength, and AA1 and Prime-1 for long-term and short-term bank deposits respectively. UOB is proud to be the first to unveil the revamped UOB Lady’s Card in Malaysia. Besides sporting a new card face, the purpose of the advertisement shows that UOB Lady’s Card is staying relevant to the needs of modern women with new features. It is the first in the market to develop a mobile phone application, â€Å"Lady’s Soulmate† dedicated to ladies, which helps card members access privileges through Google maps and a directional guide based on AR technology. Consumers can download the Lady’s Soulmate application from the Android Marketplace to compatible mobile phones. It will also be progressively made available on Apple App Store, Ovi Store by Nokia and Blackberry App World. The ad clearly show that the UOB Lady’s Soulmate application marks a new era for the UOB Lady’s Card, as it remains in touch with the progress of women nd technology. The advertisement does show its effectiveness as the card was already available in Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand, has a current membership of over 500,000. The advertisement expected to attract more than 500,000 new lady users. The company claims that the UOB Lady’s Card is targeted to more than double by 2014, driving the continued grow th of the bank’s card business in the region. 2. 0 Discussion of the Advertisement 2. 1 Target Market The revamped UOB Lady’s Card placed a strong emphasis on health, beauty, fashion, connectivity and discovery. This make over of the UOB Lady’s Card is timely as a group same gender consumers seek to strengthen the brand promised to valued card members. The ad targets young adult women, and they will buy products not only for them but to show their financial health in their lives. We acknowledge that today’s women are more independent financially, assertive in their choices, mobile and technology savvy to stay â€Å"connected†. The reason for the advertiser to choose this market segment is because female young adults may look for the requirement as stated before. 3. 0 Advertisement Source The ad focuses on two trendy lady’s high profile, smiling with full of satisfaction, public may easily attract by them who emotionally aroused. The two ladies show in an appropriate way to market the company’s credit card as they are looking relax and rejoice, their face expression and body language prompt the desire of women to obtain the credit card. It also shows that they are able to keep constant contact with privileges and deals via smartphone, the women looked grateful to get the information from their mobiles. Technology on tap is but one of the many benefits available to Lady’s Card members. The new UOB Lady’s Card proposition centres around providing a total financial and lifestyle solution which complements the modern woman who is constantly on the move from connectivity, discovery, fashion and money matters. 3. 1 Visual and Verbal Content Basically the kind of visual image used in ad is photographs. There is a few images show in different ways. The rectangular picture with blank background is composite â€Å"paste-up† of several images from various sources used, whereas the whole image of two ladies adopts â€Å"superimposed† over each other. The others small images place near to the related information. The roses for both types of credit cards seem to stand for women product. The corporate logos included in the design of credit card, the consumer already familiar with the logo. The car and branded stuffs symbolize exclusivity or luxury, visually depicted the financial strength for the group of target market they can have. From the ad, we can see that two young women wearing high heels with an eye catching smile. The clothes and adornments they are wearing look striking as they walk in confidence, simply related to self egoism. It seems like two best friends sharing the same privileges and deals from the credit card. The image shows their legs walk together depicted they shopping together, which also shows young women concern about social need. Many women become more financially independent and career orientated. The body language of the models in the ad seem like they don’t have financial worry. Although there are often claims of gender bias and the results have showed that women in general will have a much more impulsive buying behavior than that of their male counterpart. Through this natural disposition it will often hinder them from being able to ever becoming an efficient money saver. Thus, those offer deals in the ad may attract their attention. 3. 2 Semiotic Analysis It has bold print stating â€Å"If we had our way, it would be Wednesday everyday† and smaller print that promotes the offers of the credit card and targets women to purchase the related product and service especially on Wednesday. The ad is implying that women in society now can take care of their financial, yet still targets them to purchase more by using the credit card. At the core of the UOB Lady’s Card popularity is the endearing philosophy of this female-only product, â€Å"The Men Don’t Get It. You read "UOB Bank Advertisement" in category "Papers" More than just a signature tagline, it is an acknowledgement of the financial strength and independence of women, and the freedom of choice that is available to them. Now, underpinned by technology and refreshed with a host of new privileges, the company seemed like confident that the Lady’s Card will continue to be pr eferred, extending their leadership in the female space, I would find this advertisement particularly interesting because it is promoting friendship, financial solidity, health and beauty standards in our society, women’s roles as consumers which afford to pay and the graphics of the ad focuses on. It is promoting credit card that only for female, which have previously been viewed as women’s products and it will also influences women to buy these products on men’s behalf. The two models are wearing striking outfits and expensive adornments. This influence perpetuates the sociological role of women in society as financial takers, as well as encouraging them being active in caring about their appearance and their need to use health and beauty products. This ad clearly promotes the credit card which special designed only for female, that’s why the word stated there the men don’t get it†. The roses symbolized that the only attention of the company focus on the specific needs of women. They have taken a 360-degree approach in the Lady’s Card makeover, leveraging our insights into women over the years and research around the region. 3. 3 Layout and Design The headline shows in an appropriate way to has three-quarters up the page or advertisement space. The advertiser position headline statement where it can be seen quickest, this can make sure the reader generally know what is all about. They avoid putting headlines at the very top of the space because the reader’s eye is naturally drawn to between two-thirds and three-quarters up the page or space, which is where the main benefit statement needs to be. The advertisement involves the reader in writing style of using the second and third person-‘you’ and ‘she’. Refer to the reader as ‘you’ and ‘she’ in the description of the ad does for the customer to get them visualizing their own personal involvement. The advertiser describes the service as it affects them in a way that they will easily relate to it. This advertising can be defined as using â€Å"cool† tones. It is often referred to as a ‘Black Art’, because it is mysterious but cheerful. 4. 0 Publication The advertiser has chosen the two most common print media are newspapers and magazines. Print media is important because it can reach such a large audience, and the great number of specialized publications enables businesses to focus in on a target audience with a specific set of characteristics. The advertiser picks the right time as the Malaysia Mega Sales start from July until September 2010. The consumers can use their Lady’s Card for exclusive privileges. NEWSPAPERS When deciding upon a newspaper in which to advertise, there are three physical criteria to consider: distribution, size, and audience. Newspapers are either daily or weekly, come in a standard or tabloid size, and reach nearly all of the reading public, which is estimated to be around 85-90 percent of the population. Because of the broad demographic reach of most newspapers it is difficult to target a specific audience; however, newspapers are effective in increasing awareness of a business’ products and services in a specific geographical area. Types of ads placed in newspapers include: display ads, classified ads, public notes, and preprinted inserts. Newspaper ads have some flexibility in their size. For instance, the UOB ad only takes up half portion of a page, while others might span one or two full pages. Regardless of this flexibility, newspaper ads can only use limited special effects, such as font size and color. These limitations lead to advertising â€Å"clutter† in newspapers because all the ads look very similar. Therefore, advertisers must use original copy and headings to differentiate their ads from their competitors. This is why the advertiser show theirl exclusive shopping, dining and beauty privileges, and the latest technology, a mobile phone application called â€Å"Lady’s Soulmate†. MAGAZINES With magazines an advertiser can focus in on a specific target audience. Audiences can be reached by placing ads in magazines which have well-defined geographic, demographic, or lifestyle focus. The advertiser has placing the ad in the localized edition of a national magazine. In addition to the above factors, it is also important to consider the nature of the magazine ad copy. Magazines allow elaborate graphics and colors, which give advertisers more creative options than do newspapers. Also, recent surveys have indicated that informative ads are the most persuasive. Therefore, it is important to include copy and art work that is direct and presents important product information to the consumer, such as how the product works, how it benefits the consumer, and where it can be purchased. Besides The Star, it also can be found in female magazine such as New Tide, July 2010. Those magazines are targeted towards young adult women interested in beauty, fashion and relationships. This advertisement is promoting both UOB Lady’s Classic and UOB Lady’s Platinum cards for women. 5. 0 Hierarchy Model Response The AIDA Model Attention The feature followed by ad agencies is AIDA, which acronym stands for Attention, Interest, Desire and Action. The first A equals getting the attention of the readers. The ad in the form of a headline-â€Å"Wednesday every day’’ has grab the attention as it perks the curiosity of readers. The images of the credit cards with the symbol pertain to the company introductory paragraph. The advertiser gets the attention of consumer immediately by using the Wednesday special offer deals; therefore readers will read the rest of the articles. The advertiser is generating an emotion, women walking in confidence with big smile and setting up a situation. UOB (Malaysia) became the first foreign bank to recognize the affluent female segment in Malaysia when it launched the UOB Lady’s Card. The ad plays with fear and greed for a moment. These two emotions combined as a key because almost every women would be Interested and has a certain amount of greed (possess everything that they want) and also has fear (questioning what if they missed the chance to get all the great offer deals). The advertiser didn’t use the headline to play the biggest benefit. They choose to appear that not only true but also in an exclusive way. The ad plays on emotions in their headline; the two models address happiness and satisfaction, pump up their egos or show the luxury and branded items. The advertiser chooses the middle part to present the benefits in aspect of the credit card service. The readers may pay more attention on the â€Å"FREE† word which showed in the subhead lines. Interest After the advertiser got the consumer’s attention, they focus on building their interest and supporting what the ad told them thus far. The advertiser makes the reader really want the card but have to start a twinge of reality. Consumers may compare the benefits they offered with the competitors. The newly developed mobile application-â€Å"UOB Lady’s Soulmate App† based on AR technology, female young adults which consider as tech-savvy group may show their interest in the ads. Another way is that the advertiser building interest to include sub headlines throughout the copy. The readers will be more interest when there are a lot of offers with the â€Å"Cash Back† or ‘FREE† words on the sub headlines. Next, the reader embarks on the ever-challenging task of justifying her purchase; especially she wants to do a large purchase. In consumer’s interest section, the ad uses emotion to address the fact that this purchase is a good bargain, the right step, a sound decision, etc. In addition to that, the advertiser let the customer know what will happen if consumer purchase their service. This can be found in â€Å"With it in the bag, every lady gets what she wants, when she wants it†. Depending on this ad, the negative result might be the fact that she misses all those grand offers from the product service. She will have to struggle to get all the same stuffs but in more expensive price or other consequences without the credit card. â€Å"If we had our way, it would be Wednesday every day’’, implies that the consumers can enjoy spending every Wednesday. The goal here is to create a few statements that will cause the customer to say, Oh! I didn’t think of that. Desire The third step in AIDA indicates the desire to buy. This section is really turns on the charm. The ad is written to tug on the heartstrings in order to create that final desire to buy. Perhaps the biggest benefit of the ad is they can get â€Å"FREE Coach Bags Accessories Every Day†. By using the â€Å"UOB Lady’s Soulmate App†, the interactive application is able to display the latest deals and offers within a 2km range of the card member’s location and also contains a personal assistant feature to help connect members with people who are important to them. Customers will have all the information they need right at their fingertips. The advertisement turns deep down inside their consumer to have two desires. The first is the desire to use the convenience of connection that not just technology. The second is the desire to obtain more things and the most common reason is to get a free branded items. The 2010 Malaysia Mega Sale Carnival sweeps the nation up in a frenzied shopping fervor! This is the best time to pump them up and get them excited about the credit card service. They have not yet come to the justification stage where price might play a factor. While always, from the aspect of desire, the ad portrays the best and biggest benefits their customers will receive. It speaks to the joys of being able to relax and run an errand in the whole range of bargains of, the sub headlines of the article indicates that the customer can experience from restaurants, spas, facial service while doing their shopping of the day. Action The final A in AIDA stands for action. During the action phase of convincing, the ad gives them enough motivational cause to take action and buy. At the moment get to this point, the customers should have all the information they need. The company as the seller will have walked them through each step of the buying process and emotional journey to the point of purchase. A few ways to create action with the copy are: â€Å"Apply now and get 20 entries for your first minimum RM50 swipe within 30 days from your new card approval†, â€Å"the more you swipe, the better your chances! † The advertisement motivate the readers look forward to get better deals on that special day, which can be found in â€Å"Wednesday are simply wonderful when you have the new UOB Lady’s Card. † The point of the action phase is to get the readers moving. The advertisement ade them drool with the exclusive deals, answered all their questions via Dedicated Customer Service Line, filled them with benefit and the company don’t want to lose them at the end. 6. 0 Overall Opinion In personal view, the main message of this advertisement is prominent. The biggest part of the advert is the main benefit statement. This is the part that entices the reader to read on. The ad offers a single impressive benefit, quickly and simply. Research proves that where responses are required, the best adverts are those which offer an impressive, relevant benefit to the reader. This point cannot be stressed enough; the advertiser keep it quick, simple and to the point. More information has stated bottom of the ad, reader who wants to know more detail can read through there. Younger generations are extremely visually literate. The advertiser had thought about the vocabulary and language to use and clearly know their target audience. The ad has avoided any words or grammar that would not be found in the newspaper that the target group would read. Therefore message can be read in quick and easy to absorb. The ad has use a clear layout, clear fonts and clear language. They don’t distract the reader from the text by overlaying images or using fancy fonts. They use simple language, avoid complicated words, and keep enough space around the text to attract attention to it. The advertiser also avoids cluttering the advert with fancy images, colours and backgrounds, which make it easy to read. The advertisement has incorporated something new. The Consumers can download the Lady’s Soulmate application to compatible mobile phones. The ad clearly show that the UOB Lady’s Soulmate application marks a new era for the UOB Lady’s Card, as it remains in touch with the progress of women and technology. Consumers respond better and are more easily attracted initially to a concept that is new or original. If they’ve heard or seen it all before it will be no surprise that they take no notice at all. The advertisement induces reader to believe there’s something in it for them right from the start. The advertiser has developed a proposition that is special or unique and emphasizes this. The revamped UOB Lady’s Card also comes with a new card face for both UOB Lady’s Classic and UOB Lady’s Platinum cards. UOB Malaysia is the first foreign bank to recognize the affluent female segment in Malaysia when it launched the new UOB Lady’s Card. The ad also states that they provide Wallet Guard coverage and Purchase Protection Plan for the purchases which make their service special. The Advertising Standards Authority or equivalent would prevent the advertiser from making overly extravagant claims anyway, but they still attempt to make their offer seem perfectly credible. 7. 0 Recommendations From the advertisement, the readers might feel the card only available in exclusive world as the car stands for luxury. Not all but some of the readers might feel that the exclusivity rewards, and special treatment reserved for a special few, not for them. The website or service line should explain further to those customers that misleading by the pictures. They can emphasize on the protection plan to place themselves a credible image. The words-† The men don’t get it† didn’t stated clearly that whether the male readers can apply this credit card for the lady. For male readers, they may think they can use this card without the offers which women interested at. The conditions should write clear, not that small which stated in the advertisement. I am not sure that buying branded items necessarily causes happiness to a woman. But many of them tend to believe the advertising; they may feel a let-down when their existing card does not bring the desired partner or other increase in status. When they have such expectation, buying a branded item would be necessarily, make them feel happy. More insidious is the indirect effect, namely that they have to work hard and go into debt to buy all this stuff. That, in my opinion, the debt hidden behind is what makes people unhappy. The company should come out a proper financial plan and clarify to the consumer before the consumer purchase their services. How to cite UOB Bank Advertisement, Papers

Sin Taxes Essay Example For Students

Sin Taxes Essay The squeeze is on. Demand for government to decrease its reliance on sales, property, and income taxes as sources of revenue is continuing to rise, leaving policy makers scrambling for new, less painful sources of revenue. Also going up are the costs of providing public services, entitlement programs, and conducting the other various functions of government. This upward spiral requires that they simultaneously look for better, cheaper, and more effective spending strategies. It is no wonder that policy makers are starting to feel the pinch. To make things all the more uncertain, we are facing a federal debt that seems to swell exponentially on a daily basis and a national economy with the moodiness and sensitivity of a manic-depressive. All in all, it is a situation that demands a whole new degree of creativity from all levels of government. This cathartic hour in the fiscal evolution of our nation has pressured out a myriad of new and unorthodox strategies for spending cuts and new sources of revenue. One group of these new strategies, termed sin taxes, (so called because they are directly associated with what is traditionally considered the seedier side of American life), are gaining widespread popular support and are being considered a silver lining without the dark clouds by some in the federal government and by many financially strapped state legislatures. Sin taxes are really two different types of revenue strategies with two different outlooks, combined under one name. The first of the two categories is government sponsored lotteries and legalized gambling. The second category is excise taxes. The two differ in that legalized gambling tends to be an encouraged vice, an attitude fostered by the states hope of improving revenues.On the other side, excise taxes are often levied on products considered socially unvirtuous, products like alcohol and tobacco. In these cases they are used as a deterrent in order to discourage the use of the products they are applied to. Lotteries and GamblingLotteries and gambling are not really new concepts in the search for sources of revenue. The first Continental Congress made the use of lotteries to help finance the Revolutionary War. You could say that, in more than one way, we all owe our freedom to mans willingness to take a gamble. Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, and Thomas Jefferson all ran their own private lotteries. There was a time, however, not too long ago, when gambling was held in notorious regard by the general public. In fact, gambling houses were considered only slightly above opium dens in their insidiousness. Gambling was made out to be a hideous social monster that stole bread from the mouths of children, made families destitute, and put people out of their homes. At various times in our history gambling has created, in the minds of decent citizens at least, visions of the illicit. Images of slick, smooth talking professional cheats beguiling the public. In 1955,baseball commissioner F ord Frick considered wagering so corrupt he prohibited major leaguers from overnighting in Los Vegas.In the last decade or so, however, viewpoints have changed dramatically. Public perspective on gambling has turned almost one hundred and eighty degrees. A recent survey conducted by Harrahs, a casino company, found that fifty-one percent of American adults believe casino entertainment is acceptable for anyone. Another thirty-five percent say its acceptable for others, but not for me.'This drastic change of attitude may seem surprising at first but that surprise quickly fades once you realize what American societies moral indignation has been up against. An increasingly bleak outlook in finding and maintaining employment and a growing uncertainty in maintaining financial security teamed with an aggressive marketing and public opinion campaign launched by casino interests, state governments, and Indian reservations has almost certainly had a hand in eroding anti-gambling zeal. State a nd city governments further untarnished gamblings image by imprinting the funds they created for special programs like education and seniors funds to make it more agreeable to constituents. Other things, such as the many churches that use bingo as a way to raise funds, have contributed as well. The change of casinos from family run businesses to the tidy glow of corporate ownership has rinsed away the stain

Unbroken by Laura Hillenbrandâ€Discussion Questions

'Unbroken' by Laura Hillenbrand- Discussion Questions   Unbroken by Laura Hillenbrand is the true story of Louis Zamparini, who was an Olympic runner that survived for more than a month on a raft in the Pacific Ocean after crashing his plane during World War II. He was then taken as a Prisoner of War by the Japanese. Hillenbrand tells his story in parts, and these book club questions are also divided by parts of the book so that groups or individuals can discuss the story over time or focus on the areas they want to discuss more deeply. Spoiler Warning: These questions contain details about the end of Unbroken. Finish each section before reading the questions for that part. Part I Were you interested in Part I, which was mostly about Louis childhood and running career?How do you think his childhood and Olympic training helped him survive what would come later? Part II Were you surprised by how many servicemen died in flight training or in planes that went down outside of combat?Superman received 594 holes in the battle over Nauru. What did you think of the descriptions of this air battle? Were you surprised by their ability to survive despite being hit so many times?Did you learn anything new about the Pacific theater during World War II through this part of the book? Part III How do you think Louie survived the crash?What were details of the mens survival on the raft most interesting to you? How they found and saved water or food? The ways they kept up their mental acuity? The lack of provisions in the life raft?What role did emotional and mental state play in Phil and Louies survival? How did they keep their minds sharp? Why was this important?Were you surprised by how ferocious the sharks  were?Louie had several religious experiences on the raft that led to a new belief in God: surviving the gunning by the Japanese bomber, the tranquil day at sea, the provision of rainwater and seeing singing in the clouds. What do you make of these experiences? How were they important to his life story? Part IV Were you aware of how severely the Japanese treated Prisoners of War during World War II? Were you surprised to learn how much worse it was for men captured in the Pacific war than for those captured by Nazis?When Louie is interviewed just after his release, he says If I knew I had to go through those experiences again, Id kill myself (321). As they were going through it, how do you think Louie and Phil survived the starvation and brutality they faced as prisoners?What were the ways the Japanese tried to break the mens spirits? Why does the author focus on how this was worse in many ways than the physical cruelty? What do you think was the hardest thing the men had to endure?Later in the narrative, we learn that the Bird and many of the other soldiers were pardoned? What do you think of this decision?How do you think the men escaped the Kill All order?Why do you think Louies family never gave up hope that he was alive? Part V Epilogue In many ways, Louies unraveling is not surprising considering all he endured. After attending the Billy Graham crusade, however, he never experienced another vision of the Bird, he saved his marriage and he was able to move on with his life. Why do you think this is? What roles did forgiveness and gratitude play in his ability to move on? How did he see God at work throughout his whole experience despite the unimaginable suffering he experienced?From the moment of their rescue through the present day publishing of this book and the movie adaptation, Louie Zamparini has received significant media attention whereas Allen Phillips was treated as a trivial footnote in what was celebrated as Louies story (385). Why do you think that was?Louie continued to have adventures well into old age? What parts of his post-war story were most notable to you?Rate Unbroken on a scale of 1 to 5. Details of the book: Unbroken by Laura Hillenbrand was published in November 2010.Publisher: Random House496 PagesThe movie adaptation of Unbroken was released in December 2014.

Pentaceratops - Facts and Figures

Pentaceratops - Facts and Figures Despite its impressive name (which means five-horned face), Pentaceratops really only had three genuine horns, two big ones over its eyes and a smaller one perched on the end of its snout. The two other protuberances were technically outgrowths of this dinosaurs cheekbones, rather than genuine horns, which probably didnt make much difference to any smaller dinosaurs that happened to get in Pentaceratops way. Name: Pentaceratops (Greek for five-horned face); pronounced PENT-ah-SER-ah-topsHabitat: Plains of western North AmericaHistorical Period: Late Cretaceous (75 million years ago)Size and Weight: About 20 feet long and 2-3 tonsDiet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Enormous bony frill on its head; two large horns above eyes About Pentaceratops A classic ceratopsian (horned face) dinosaur, Pentaceratops was closely related to the more famous, and more accurately named, Triceratops, although its closest relative was the equally large Utahceratops. (Technically, all of these dinosaurs are chasmosaurine, rather than centrosaurine, ceratopsians, meaning they share more characteristics with Chasmosaurus than with Centrosaurus.) From the tip of its beak to the top of its bony frill, Pentaceratops possessed one of the largest heads of any dinosaur that ever lived- about 10 feet long, give or take a few inches (its impossible to say for sure, but this otherwise peaceful plant-eater may have been the inspiration for the huge-headed, human-munching queen in the 1986 movie Aliens.) Until the recent discovery of  the evocatively named Titanoceratops, which was diagnosed from an existing skull previously attributed to Pentaceratops, this five-horned dinosaur was the only ceratopsian known to have lived in the environs of New Mexico toward the end of the Cretaceous period, 75 million years ago. Other ceratopsians, such as Coahuilaceratops, have been discovered as far south as Mexico. Why did Pentaceratops have such a huge noggin? The most likely explanation is sexual selection: at some point in the evolution of this dinosaur, huge, ornate heads became attractive to females, giving big-headed males the edge during mating season. Pentaceratops males probably butted each other with their horns and frills for mating supremacy; particularly well-endowed males may also have been recognized as herd alphas. Its possible that the unique horns and frill of Pentaceratops aided with intra-herd recognition, so, for example, a Pentaceratops juvenile wouldnt accidentally wander off with a passing group of Chasmosaurus! Unlike some other horned, frilled dinosaurs, Pentaceratops has a fairly straightforward fossil history. The initial remains (a skull and a piece of hipbone) were discovered in 1921 by Charles H. Sternberg, who continued plying this same New Mexico location over the next couple of years until he had collected enough specimens for his fellow paleontologist Henry Fairfield Osborn to erect the genus Pentaceratops. For nearly a century after its discovery, there was only one named genus of Pentaceratops. P. sternbergii, until a second, northern-dwelling species, P. aquilonius, was named by Nicholas Longrich of Yale University.

Teenage Drinking and Driving Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Teenage Drinking and Driving - Research Paper Example A research conducted by CDC in 2008 revealed that, almost 3,500 teenagers who were between the age bracket of 15 and 19 died because of car crashes. Furthermore, 25% of the deceased teens involved in those accidents tested positive to high levels of alcohol count in the blood system (CDC ). Drinking among teenagers is due of immense peer pressure among the concerned age group. Most of the programs aired in the media tend to lure teenagers into drinking since they fail to highlight on the multiple catastrophes of alcohol. It is therefore evident that drunk driving kills’ people, people become used to drunk driving and people often lose control while driving. One of the causes of teen drinking in USA is the individual’s urge to be rebellious. Most of the accidents correlated to drunk driving are because of teenagers’ rebellion. Some other acts of rebellion manifest through teens staying out past curfew or ditching classes. Universally all teens are famous on their rebellious acts of defying authority (Thompson 16). There have been several engagements targeted at advising youths against alcoholism, but the rebellious nature f the youths have overridden the efforts. Teens have a tendency of swanking of how they manage to drink and drive as long as there are no negative consequences suffered. Although society views drunk driving as a serious social epidemic, teenagers view it as a comfortable way of massaging one’s ego thus molding and directing them to the path of defiance. When in adolescence stage, teenagers undergo a period when a chemical substance in the known as dopamine is in its highest activity. Dopamine is responsible for most of the youth desired experiences like pleasure and feel of reward (Sifferlin). Coupled with poor ability to respond to impulse, teenagers end up indulging in undesired behaviors such as driving while drunk, which they view as pleasure. The second cause for the unnecessary phenomenon of drunk driving among teenagers is their reluctance to stop this epidemic. As teenagers, they themselves play a part in the dominance of this social hardship. Teenagers let it happen; they let the river take its cause. Presently, teenagers have a problem of failing to speak out against drunk driving among teenagers. As compared to the previous generations, teenagers of this era tend to maintain silence even when driven by drunk drivers. A further research conducted by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) shows that in 2007 alone, almost three out of ten teenagers within the US reported cases of being passengers driven by drunk drivers. Teenagers are exposed to lengthy risks since they are afraid to speak out against drunk driving thus endangering their own lives and the lives of other passengers. Through the actions of teenagers failing to speak up and say NO against teen drunk driving; they are obliquely and inadvertently accommodating the actions committed by the drunk drivers. By acceptin g such social affliction, the teenagers create a dangerous cycle whose epitome is drunk driving among teenagers (Kelli and Traci). Since their peers fail to mention negative remarks against drunk driving, other teenagers tend to assume that driving under the influence of alcohol complies with the social norms set by the society in general. The act of failing to speak against the social affliction is in itself a representation of

Case analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case analysis - Essay Example They were able to develop the Fiji Waters as a high profile drink as they sponsored golf tournaments, sports events and were even able to win endorsements in the movies. The drink that appeared to be exclusive is available in supermarkets and local stores and creates a notion that what is good for the rich and famous is also good for the majority. Green washing is a marketing strategy used by companies to mislead benefits of a product, service, technology, or company practice (Rouse, Margaret, Sept. 2007)). Companies engage in green washing to enhance product’s capabilities and mislead consumers on the true picture of the product for company’s gain. For example, the Fiji Waters â€Å"carbon negative† advertising campaign has been challenged in the US District Court to be misleading. I believe a claim is a green washing when there are many criticisms against it, and evidences or proofs are not rightly presented. The FIJI’s Water Negative campaign is not a green washing because it begins with a measurable target that proposes to offset more greenhouse emissions than were released by its operations and products. It is turning the positive harmful effects of its operations into something negative. Beginning 2008, it will reduce its land use and utilize renewable energy. It did not assume to maintain zero CO2, but rather `a reduction only. FIJI Waters hopes to reduce its CO2 emissions by 25%; 50% from renewable resources, and reducing wastes from production facility by 33%. FIJI Waters is conscious of its corporate social responsibility (CSR) and has done efforts to reduce damage to the environment. CSR is one way to be assured of the sustainability of long-range operations that will be beneficial to both the company and to the community. It is a head-turning marketing campaign that will also make people think of its environment. I am concerned that with the way underground water is cons umed,

Business Ethics - The Enron Scandal universal ethics point of view- Case Study

Business Ethics - The Enron Scandal universal ethics point of view- - Case Study Example The accounting fraud that would eventually come to be known as the Enron scandal was a creative, institutional, and systematic plan (Malcolm, 2008). Parties that took part in concealing Enron’s real financial condition were well known to the company. In this respect, the bid to address the underlying situation becomes an institutional process. To start with, the company’s corporate governance had failed. Instead of hiding this failure, stakeholders could have been consulted on ways to foster and enhance corporate governance. By virtue of business operations, shareholders and all other stakeholders for that matter deserved to know the actual direction that the company was taking. Board effectiveness, qualification, integrity, responsibility, and accountability were highly questionable. These aspects only came to light at a time when it was impossible to salvage the company. Given that business operations are profit-driven and that profits can undoubtedly attract unethical practices, there was need to vet and audit board operations from time to time. In so doing, the underlying issues were set to be identified before it was too late. The situation can, therefore, be addressed by taking measures to ensure that the company does not run independent of shareholders and other interested stakeholders. Conflicting interests were highly evident in the Enron case. Arthur Andersen played two roles in Enron; that of an auditor and that of a consultant (Malcolm, 2008). The direct implication is that one role relatively jeopardized the other, given that the same party undertook both roles. This situation stands to be addressed by ensuring that the two roles are handled by two independent parties. Ultimately, the management is to blame. This is because it downplayed the underlying risks of having an auditing firm that still offered consultation services to the same company. Financial entities that maintained an off-book relationship

Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant Project Management Plan

Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant Project Management Plan Introduction Solar photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity and many solar photovoltaic power stations have been built, mainly in Europe. As of September 2010, the largest photovoltaic (PV) power plants in the world are the Sarnia Photovoltaic Power Plant (Canada, 80 MW), Olmedilla Photovoltaic Park (Spain, 60  MW), the Strasskirchen Solar Park (Germany, 54  MW), the Lieberose Photovoltaic Park (Germany, 53  MW), the Puertollano Photovoltaic Park (Spain, 50  MW), the Moura Photovoltaic Power Station (Portugal, 46  MW), and the Waldpolenz Solar Park (Germany, 40  MW).[1] This proposal is for setting up a 50 MW (10 MW x 5 Phases) capacity solar photovoltaic power plant based on latest High Power Modules using cells consisting of Multi-Crystalline Silicon Technology / Tandem Junction Thin Film Technology, which has been successfully developed for commercial implementation and has been delivering reliable power generation around the world for some years now. The solar photovoltaic power project is proposed to be set up in Jodhpur district of Rajasthan, India which is one of the best suited locations in terms of higher annual direct normal insolation (DNI), favourable climatic conditions and land availability Some photovoltaic power stations which are presently proposed will have a capacity of 150  MW or more. Many of these plants are integrated with agriculture and some use innovative tracking systems that follow the suns daily path across the sky to generate more electricity than conventional fixed-mounted systems. There are no fuel costs or emissions during operation of the power stations. AIM This proposal examines the techniques of project management used in development of a solar photovoltaic power plant Project. The background of the project will be described including its planning, Execution, Operation Maintenance and Financial analysis a project; critical success factors for the project implementation are identified presenting an overview of project structure, methods, risks, etc. Objectives The objectives for the project are the successful completion of solar photovoltaic power plant, on budget, on time and safely. The objectives are also to develop world class project management best practices within the solar industry. Research Methodology The PMBOK Guide states that projects are composed of two kinds of process: project management processes and product-oriented processes (which specify and create the project product). Project management processes are further divided into initiating, planning, execution, controlling and closing processes. This proposal mainly concentrates on the core processes of planning, execution and controlling. The project management process groups depicted in figure 1 are initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing. Initiating defines and authorizes the project or a project phase. Planning defines and refines objectives and plans the course of action required to attain the objectives and scope that the project was undertaken to address. Executing integrates people and other resources to carry out the project management plan for the project. Monitoring and controlling regularly measures and monitors progress to identify variances from the project management plan so that corrective action can be taken when necessary to meet project objectives. Closing formalizes acceptance of the product, service, or result and brings the project or a project phase to an orderly end. Figure illustrates the relative depth, breadth, and interrelationship between these process groups. Planning Planning in organizations constitutes both the organizational process of creating and maintaining a plan; and the psychological process of thinking about the activities required to create a desired goal on some scale. As such, it is a fundamental property of intelligent behaviour. This thought process is essential to the creation and refinement of a plan or integration of it with other plans. It combines forecasting of developments with the preparation of scenarios of how to react to them. An important albeit often ignored aspect of planning, is the relationship it holds with forecasting. Forecasting can be described as predicting what the future will look like, whereas planning predicts what the future should look like. The above scenario is often used to describe the formal procedures used in the creation of documents, endeavour, diagrams, meetings to discuss the important issues to be addressed, objectives to be met and the strategy to be followed. Beyond this planning has a different meaning depending on the political or economic context in which it is used. There are ten core processes: scope planning scope definition activity definition resource planning activity sequencing activity duration estimating cost estimating schedule development cost budgeting Project plan development. The output from these processes project plans makes up an input to the executing processes. A distinction is made between the project plans proper and the project performance baselines. Executing Executing consists of the process used to complete the work defined in the project management plan to accomplish the projects requirements. Execution process involves coordinating people and resources as well as integrating and performing the activities of the project in accordance with the project management plan. The deliverables are produced as outputs from the processes performed as defined in the project management plan. Executing Processes Project Plan Execution performing the activities Complete Tasks/Work Packages Information Distribution Scope Verification acceptance of project scope Quality Assurance evaluating overall project performance on a regular basis; meeting standards Team Development developing team and individual skill sets to enhance the project Progress Meetings Monitoring and controlling Monitoring and controlling consists of those processes which have performed to observe project execution so that potential problems can be identified in a timely manner and corrective action can be taken place. When necessary to control the execution of the project. The key benefit is that project performance is observed and measured regularly to identify variances from the project management plan. Monitoring and Controlling includes: Measuring the on-going project activities. Monitoring the project variables (cost, effort, scope, etc.) against the project management plan and the project performance baseline. Identify corrective actions to address issues and risks properly. Influencing the factors that could circumvent integrated change control so only approved changes are implemented This must be done in an integrated manner at regular intervals, not in a haphazard, arbitrary way. Any significant departures from the budget and the schedule must be reported immediately, because these anomalies affect the viability and the success of the entire project. This will lead to adapting the project schedule, budget and/or work plan as necessary to keep the project on track. The project progress and changes must be documented and communicated to the team members in a consistent, reliable and appropriate manner for each level of the project team. Success criteria for project control Use the project plan as the primary guide for co-ordinating your project. Consistently monitor and update the plan. Remember that quality communication is a key to control. Monitor progress on the project against the plan on a regular basis. Get involved. Adapt the project schedule, budget and/or work plan as necessary to keep the project on track. Document project progress and changes and communicate them to team members. What monitoring should accomplish? Communicate project status and changes to other project team members Inform management (and clients or customers) about the status of the project Provide the justification for making project adjustments Document current plans compared to the original project plan Project Performance must be measured regularly to identify the variances from the plan. Variances are fed into control processes in the various knowledge areas. To the extent the significant Variances are observed. Adjustments to the plan are made by repeating the appropriate project planning process. Project reports should be: clearly state the current status of the project compare actual achievements with the planned target achievements draw attention to critical issues identify problems and propose solutions promote effective management and control Project status reports It is not simply a matter of keeping the scope from creeping, or a matter of completing the cheapest and fastest project; it is establishing the appropriate Scope and delivering the commensurate product, service, or result. All the above processes have been iteratively revealed/implemented during the Proposed Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant project, which was revealed below. Technology The proposed plant shall comprise High Power Modules using cells consisting of Multi-Crystalline Silicon Technology / Tandem Junction Thin Film Technology. Efficiency is varying from 6% 18%. Temperatures beyond 25oC have nominal effect on the efficiency of the modules. White Tempered Glass, EVA Resin and weather proof film along with Al frame is used for extended outdoor use. Lead wire with weather proof connector shall be used for output terminal. Both the technologies are standalone type which needs no external power or water source and hence is most appropriate for desert region of Rajasthan. Small amount of processed water or compressed air is required only for cleaning of the system. Indicative scope of work Electrical Supply, fitting, fixing of Solar PV Modules with appropriate module mounting structures and frames including overall planning and design of the power plant. Supply and installation of Junction boxes of appropriate standards with required protection and isolation system. Design, supply and installation of AC power conditioning units with all protections and controlling arrangement as per specifications to get the desired performance. String monitoring and MPPT features are included as per requirements. Interconnection of Solar modules, PCUs, transformers LT HT sides, LT switchgear, etc with appropriate cables and associated materials including supply of materials. Design, manufacture, supply, installation, interconnection and interfacing of computer aided data acquisition unit as per specification. Supply, installation complete earthing as required for AC and DC power system, PCU, LT switchgear, Transformer, all metallic cubicles, HT switchgear with materials as required as per relevant standards. Providing earth-mat and interconnection of array structures with earth pits in the PV array yard. Design, fabrication, supply, installation of LT power interfacing panel to evacuate power to the grid through PCUs with appropriate capacity circuit breakers, isolators, indicators, metering arrangement with selector switch, CTs, PTs, and copper bus-bars as per requirement in complete. Design, fabrication, supply and installation of plant monitoring desk to monitor the status of all major equipments through remote monitoring system including connection to all major equipments and status to be monitored. Supply of all other BOS parts e.g. cables, electrical, etc as per the Bill of Material (BOM) which is not covered above. Emergency DG Set 15 KVA with battery bank and battery charger. Metering device. Control Room and Others Electrical wiring in the inverter room, control room and array yard with supply of cables and wires, switchboards, switches, Junction Boxes, distribution boards for lights, fans, exhaust fans, power points for both 5 Amps and 15 Amps. Supply and installation of lightning arrestors for inverter room, control room as per relevant standards. Supply, fitting and fixing of CFL lighting fixtures, FL lighting fixtures, LED lighting fixtures for lighting indoor and outdoor various installations including array yard with required accessories. Providing of fire extinguisher and sand buckets complying with national or international safety standards. Civil Works for solar Systems Topographical survey Design and construction of appropriate foundation base for holding the module mounting structure with supply of all requisite materials, excavation, concreting, backfilling, shoring and shuttering, etc. Construction of power plant buildings including inverter rooms, control room as required, office, canteen, etc. Barbed wire fencing of 3m height for complete power plant and sub-station. Cable trenches, drainage, etc. Main gate, side gates and Security guard rooms. Erection and Installation of Power Evacuation Arrangement Erection, supply, installation and commissioning of fifty 0.415/33 KV step up transformers and three 33/132 KV step up transformers, 3 phase, 50 Hz, with associated switchgear comprising of circuit breakers, isolators, LT panels, CTs and PTs, etc including metering and protection like over-current, earth-fault, reverse power protection and controls, etc. Other Fixed Assets Furniture for inverter rooms, control room and administration/office. Pantry equipment, change room lockers, etc. Store racks and cupboards. Standard Mechanical Maintenance tools. Engineering and Project Management Design and Engineering Project Management and construction supervision Material Management Insurance during the project period. Project implementation schedule Based on international practices and technological advancements, it is estimated that first 10 MW capacity phase of the project will be supplied, installed and commissioned from project approval and additional 40 MWp of the project will be installed and commissioned in 60 months from project approval. Executing Executing consists of the processes used to complete the work defined in the project management plan to accomplish the projects requirements. Execution process involves coordinating people and resources, as well as integrating and performing the activities of the project in accordance with the project management plan. The deliverables are produced as outputs from the processes performed as defined in the project management plan. Total project shall be completed within 60 months in 5 (five) stages of 10 MW each from date of sanction of the project. The modules will be ground mounted and tilted 27 degrees to face the sun. The ground mounting will require a flat level surface and will be set into concrete. The modules will require an area that is unshaded from the sun. Any vegetation underneath the modules will need to be kept to a level below that of the modules in order to avoid shading. All the modules will be at least 1.0m from the ground. It is assumed that this is adequate to keep the modules above the height of sand deposition at the site during sand storm. Monitoring and controlling Monitoring and controlling consists of those processes performed to observe project execution so that potential problems can be identified in a timely manner and corrective action can be taken, when necessary, to control the execution of the project. The key benefit is that project performance is observed and measured regularly to identify variances from the project management plan. Monitoring and Controlling includes: Measuring the on-going project activities. Monitoring the project variables (cost, effort, scope, etc.) against the project management plan and the project performance baseline. Identify corrective actions to address issues and risks properly. Influencing the factors that could circumvent integrated change control so only approved changes are implemented In multi-phase projects, the monitoring and controlling process also provides feedback between project phases, in order to implement corrective or preventive actions to bring the project into compliance with the project management plan. Operation and maintenance Whether a solar plant performs well in the long term and remains technically available depends to a large extent on servicing and regular maintenance. This shall be carried out by designated electrical experts in conjunction with technicians from the respective component manufacturers. To keep all components optimally available, an electronic data processing unit in the solar power plant will permanently gather and evaluate all relevant performance data and possible error messages. Using target/actual comparison, data from the power plant shall be continually compared with data from an on-site weather station. Possible errors shall be precisely located and immediately passed on via email, SMS or fax to the relevant service technicians. They can then, from their workplace, conduct fault repair through on-line remote maintenance. Financial analysis Assumptions estimates The assumptions are made that suppliers will abide by the following: Provide Safe Working Condition Consistency of Processes Adhere to Design Standards Adhere to Standard Components Follow the Framework Agreements The proposed Solar Photovoltaic Power Project is of 50 MWp capacity. Estimated cost of the project is INR Rs. 17 Crores per MWp. (2.42 Million Pounds) The total project cost is Rs. 850 Crores (. Gross aggregate electricity generation has been arrived at 83.22 million kWh per annum. The capacity utilisation factor (plant load factor) is 19%. Project cost break-up means of finance Apart from machinery, installation and commissioning cost, interest during construction, financial institution fees and margin money for working capital is part of project cost. Project financial analysis has been carried out considering debt equity ratio of 70:30. Interest rate at debt part has been considered at 14.29%. Project Deliverables The project deliverables are based on the completion of project based on the following: On time On budget No accidents The fulfilment of original quality requirements Develop industry project management best practices that are measureable and repeatable Operational terminal both in the short and long-term Advantages The 89 pet watts of sunlight reaching the Earths surface is plentiful almost 6,000 times more than the 15 terawatts equivalent of average power consumed by humans. Additionally, solar electric generation has the highest power density (global mean of 170 W/m ²) among renewable energies. Solar power is pollution-free during use. Production end-wastes and emissions are manageable using existing pollution controls. End-of-use recycling technologies are under development. PV installations can operate for many years with little maintenance or intervention after their initial set-up, so after the initial capital cost of building any solar power plant, operating costs are extremely low compared to existing power technologies. Solar electric generation is economically superior where grid connection or fuel transport is difficult, costly or impossible. Long-standing examples include satellites, island communities, remote locations and ocean vessels. When grid-connected, solar electric generation replaces some or all of the highest-cost electricity used during times of peak demand (in most climatic regions). This can reduce grid loading, and can eliminate the need for local battery power to provide for use in times of darkness. These features are enabled by net metering. Time-of-use net metering can be highly favourable, but requires newer electronic metering, which may still be impractical for some users. Grid-connected solar electricity can be used locally thus reducing transmission/distribution losses (transmission losses in the US were approximately 7.2% in 1995). Compared to fossil and nuclear energy sources, very little research money has been invested in the development of solar cells, so there is considerable room for improvement. Nevertheless, experimental high efficiency solar cells already have efficiencies of over 40% in case of concentrating photovoltaic cells and efficiencies are rapidly rising while mass-production costs are rapidly falling. Disadvantages Photovoltaic are costly to install. While the modules are often warranted for upwards of 20 years, much of the investment in a home-mounted system may be lost if the home-owner moves and the buyer puts less value on the system than the seller. Solar electricity is seen to be expensive. Solar electricity is not produced at night and is much reduced in cloudy conditions. Therefore, a storage or complementary power system is required. Solar electricity production depends on the limited power density of the locations insolation. Average daily output of a flat plate collector at latitude tilt in the contiguous US is 3-7 kilowatt and on average lower in Europe. Solar cells produce DC which must be converted to AC (using a grid tie inverter) when used in existing distribution grids. This incurs an energy loss of 4-12%. Time Scale Duration/ Period Task/ Milestone Week 1 2 (01 14 Oct, 2010) Assemble common information through explore resources Week 3 (15 Oct, 2010) Research Proposal Assignment 1 Week 3 4 (16 28 Oct, 2010) Organize meetings and cart out reviews Week 5 7 (29 18 Nov, 2010) Gather and compile key Data Week 8 12 (19 Nov 23 Dec. 2010) Lettering and discussion with supervisor Week 12 13 (24 30 Dec, 2010) Review Week 14 (31 5 Jan, 2011) Review and submissions

Means To Tragic Ends (oedipus :: essays research papers

Does man really have free will, or does free will lie within a system of limitations that gradually compose a web of circumstantial fate that ultimately cannot be torn apart? The events in both Oedipus The King and Antigone controversially suggests that man ultimately chooses his own deeds and endures fate and the responsibilities for them. These events brought by fate are unmistakably aggravated by certain characteristics within the characters. Oedipus, from Oedipus The King, Antigone, and Creon, both from Antigone possess such flawed characteristics that lead to their tragic ends.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oedipus possesses a multitude of characteristics, some of them common to other characters, but pride is exceptionally prevalent. This characteristic, which margins with utter arrogance, appears to be one of the dominant flaws that causes Oedipus’ tragic downfall. This is plainly established in the beginning of the play in which he states “I Oedipus whom all men call the great.'; (p11.8). This is strengthened by the Priest’s replies of “...Oedipus, Greatest in all men’s eyes,'; (p12.40) and “Noblest of men'; (p12.46).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  However, pride is not the only characteristic which contributes to Oedipus’ tragic end. There exists his temper, which is initially presented in the argument between Teiresias and himself. After Teiresias speaks the truth as factual, Oedipus replies “Do you imagine you can always talk like this, and live to laugh at it hereafter?'; (p26.367) and then soon after calls Teiresias a “fool'; (p29.433). His temper is also exposed when he threatens to banish or kill Creon after Creon’s attempted reasoning.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another contributing factor is his suspicion for others, this is evident where he questions Teiresias “Was this your own design or Creon’s?'; (p.27.377). He is falsely rationalizing that Teiresias is secretly plotting, in coalition with Creon, to overthrow him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Moreover, Oedipus has an unrelenting pursuit for the truth, which is demonstrated when he finally believes that he is the murderer and that Polybus was not his father. Nonetheless, he continues with his search with an extensive questioning of both his wife Jocasta and the messenger.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Furthermore, Oedipus exhibits self-loathing and a desperation towards the end of the play. After the facts have been voiced, he desperately attempts to rationalize the evidence and states, “You said that he spoke of highway robbers who killed Laius. Now if he uses the same number, it was not I who killed him. One man cannot be the same as many. But if he speaks of a man travelling alone, then clearly the burden of the guilt inclines towards me.

The Dictator Next Door

Eric Paul Roorda’s The Dictator Next Door is an insightful and incisive work of diplomatic history, studying the United States’ dealings from 1930 to 1945 with Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo, for years a foreign policy problem unto himself. It also demonstrates how the Good Neighbor Policy, which claimed to promote solidarity and peace among western hemisphere nations, came to allow dictators in Latin America â€Å"to run their countries however they pleased, so long as they maintained common enemies with the United States: first the fascists, then the communists† (1).The book is essentially a study of how the democratic United States tolerated and even supported military dictatorships in other nations, despite some diplomats’ desire to shun dictators and promote democracy abroad. Roorda’s main argument centers on how the despotic Trujillo presented the Hoover and Roosevelt administrations with problems, because he was no pliable puppet.Difficul t to control and a frequent embarrassment to the United States, Trujillo had few friends in the State Department, but the United States military and presidents backed him because he was neither fascist nor communist, and because the Good Neighbor policy called for supporting standing rulers, regardless of their methods. Roorda traces the history of Dominican-American relations and demonstrates how American influence on the region built for years before Trujillo’s rise.A former Spanish colony, the Dominican Republic was ruled by Haiti until its independence in 1844, after which the military assumed long-lasting control and foreign powers jockeyed for influence there. The United States’ influence increased steadily between 1860 and 1904, and culminated in the United States Marine Corps’ takeover in 1915. During this period, the American military trained Dominican men to serve in its constabulary and army, thus establishing a sort of school for dictators in which R afael Trujillo was its best student.Trujillo received training from the Marine Corps and earned an Army commission during this time, despite a history of criminal activity, including rape and extortion (for which he escaped punishment), and rose to the rank of general. Not the United States’ first choice as the Dominican Republic’s leader, he rallied the army to stage a coup in 1930, three years before the Good Neighbor policy was introduced, and was helped by the Hoover administration’s nonintervention policy, which preferred commerce over militarism as a means of promoting good will.Roorda explains the process in great detail in chapter two and does not spare the American government from sharp criticism. He maintains that Hoover’s desire to redeem the United States’ image in Latin America, as well as the administration’s unwillingness to back his ambassador (who distrusted Trujillo and refused to recognize him), helped Trujillo maintain hi s control.Wary of Theodore Roosevelt’s and Woodrow Wilson’s use of â€Å"gunboat diplomacy,† the Hoover administration recognized Trujillo because he seemed likely to protect American commercial interests and it was more politically expedient to recognize de facto regimes, dictatorships or otherwise. He even states plainly that the savvy Trujillo was able to play the American legation against the American military, which trained and obviously respected Trujillo. Clearly critical of American behavior in Latin America, Roorda states that â€Å"in the history of U. S.relations with its closest neighbors . . . the rhetoric of solidarity and protection against European aggression ran counter to the brutal logic and increasing momentum of U. S. territorial expansion and imperial ambitions† (23). He deems the policy paradoxical from the outset; while it promoted friendship with Latin America (which filtered into popular culture during the 1930s and ‘40s), Latin American intellectuals were less than enthusiastic because it relied on American authority and kept authoritarian regimes in power, Trujillo’s being the most egregious.During the Depression, Trujillo consolidated his power even further despite the Dominican economy’s near-collapse, receiving additional American economic aid, mainly because of his promises to protect American business interests. However, he soon became â€Å"the greatest source of instability in U. S. -Dominican relations. . . . As U. S. officials found out, the benefits of a ‘stabilizing’ dictatorship could be canceled out by an unreliable dictator† (87).Roorda maintains that the Good Neighbor policy itself was an empty, nebulous policy created by Franklin Roosevelt, whom he characterizes as â€Å"a master of innuendo, ambiguity, paradox, and the manipulation of disparate personalities† (91). In chapter four, Roorda characterizes Trujillo as a shrewd, image-conscious ma nipulator of public opinion on a par with FDR, but with total control of an intimidating military that crushed any opposition.Trujillo flouted his authority, renaming geographical features, parks, and even the capital city for himself, surrounding his rule with public spectacle, and assuming total control of the Dominican press in order to glorify his regime and even deify himself. One telling newspaper quote deemed him â€Å"so necessary that [the people] give him permanent power† and somehow dubbed his regime â€Å"super-democracy† (95).The American government, meanwhile, was aware of Trujillo’s transgressions yet played into his hands, even assisting his censorship campaign and public-relations efforts. While the United States was not fooled, Roorda implies, it played along in an effort to heed the Good Neighbor policy’s claim to support national sovereignty and thus allowed Trujillo a free hand. The entire book centers on a single recurring theme: the folly of a democracy supporting dictators.Roorda maintains that â€Å"the reliance on dictators to attain the traditional U. S. goals of stability and cooperation in Latin America meant having to ignore those instances when the strongmen themselves incited unrest and conflict† (147). The American military is partly to blame, since it trained Trujillo and treated him as a favored protà ©gà ©, while diplomats saw through the dictator’s pageantry and disapproved of his methods (Trujillo returned their disdain).Roorda casts a good deal of the blame at the Roosevelt administration, which, in its efforts to avoid heavy-handed intervention, allowed Trujillo to remain in power because he seemed to represent stability even while disrupting Dominican-American relations (with his conduct at home and his occasional bloody attacks against neighboring Haiti). In describing American logic vis-à  -vis Trujillo, â€Å"Dominican stability made him practical to deal with,† eve n if that meant turning a blind eye to the questionable ethics of backing brutal regimes that did not threaten American dominance or prosperity.At times, he argues, this meant that Trujillo was the proverbial tail wagging the American dog, getting his way because Roosevelt lacked the will or the political clout to intervene against him. The book uses ample detail and careful research in describing the United States’ paradoxical relationship with Trujillo, relying heavily on government documents, personal papers, the contemporary press, and a large number of secondary sources.While its assertions are not groundbreaking (recent diplomatic history is harshly critical of American support for brutal dictators), it is well-written, with concise prose and well-constructed arguments, on the whole an excellent diplomatic history. For scholars seeking an explanation of American relations with Latin America, and who do not mind its sharp criticisms of American foreign policy’s et hical lapses and oversights, The Dictator Next Door is well worth one’s while.

Responce to Barthes Essay Camera Lucida †Photography Essay

Responce to Barthes Essay Camera Lucida – Photography Essay Free Online Research Papers Responce to Barthes Essay Camera Lucida English In Barthe’s essay â€Å"Camera Lucida†, we see an analysis of the photo in terms of the studium and the punctum. The studium for the most part produces the unary photo, which merely reproduces ‘reality’ or a single uniform idea, whereas the presence of a punctum means this cohesiveness is fragmented, disturbed. This punctum may be something outside the control of the photographer, which escapes the encompassing ‘meaning’ of the photo and adds more to it in our subjective view. The punctum, then, is very personal, and could be different for everyone. So in say Timothy O’Sullivan’s Desert Sand Hills, the punctum is the sets of footprints that lead towards me and signal the presence of the person behind the camera, breaking up the unary ‘reality’ of the photo and bringing the method of its production to the fore the fact that it is not unadulterated ‘reality’ but is a recreation, a representation, carefully set up and staged maybe more than once. It exposes the falsity, the ‘staginess’ of the image, and makes it more interesting, maybe more likeable and accessible, and make s me think or critique, not just observe. Research Papers on Responce to Barthe's Essay Camera Lucida - Photography EssayAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementWhere Wild and West MeetMind TravelIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalBringing Democracy to AfricaEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanThe Spring and AutumnAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

Conflict Resolutions Essay

Conflict Resolutions Essay Conflict Resolutions Essay Conflict Resolution: Target What is Conflict Resolution? The best way to answer this question is to first look at what conflict is in order to resolve it. Conflict is when one party is considered to be in a serious disagreement or argument with another party. We as humans face conflicts all the time within our lives. It can be found at home with our families, at school with the facility, other students or parents, at work with our bosses and co-workers and can even be found when dealing with strangers. Most conflict can be small altercations and can be resolved on our own; however there are many times those small conflicts can get out of hand and become too big for us to handle on our own. This is where conflict resolutions comes in and hopefully help the two parties put aside their differences and be able to work the problem out. Within this paper I will focus on what is conflict, types of conflict in the workplace, stages of conflict and ways you and the company can resolving it. I will also look at the Target Corporation and see how their values help avoid conflict within the workplace. Let’s take a look at conflict and how it is affects us within the work place. No matter what company you work for, conflict is something that unfortunately is unavoidable. It can arise between you and your bosses, other co-workers or even third parties, such as, customers or outside vendors. Conflict can be both functional, which supports the goals of the group and improves its performance, or dysfunctional in which can obstruct group performance (Robbins negative employees will just constantly complain and look for flaws (www.lifehack.org). Another way that conflict can be created in the workplace is when there are disagreements over ideas, decisions or actions made by your leaders or other co-workers (www.betterhealth.vic.gov). The conflict process has five steps: potential opposition or incompatibility, cognition and personalization, intentions, behavior and outc omes. The first stage is the appearance of conditions, which are communication, structure and personal variables; this is the causes or sources that can create the conflict to arise. If the conditions in stage one negatively affects something the first party cares about, the conflict becomes an actualization. Stage two is made up of perceived conflict, which does not mean it is personalized, and felt conflict, which is when individuals become emotionally involved. Intentions is stage three, this is where many conflicts can escalate due to one party taking the intentions of the other party the wrong way. Using two dimensions - cooperativeness (when one party attempts to satisfy the other party’s concerns) and assertiveness (when one party attempts to satisfy his/her own concerns) we can identify the five conflict-handling intentions. These conflict-handling intentions are competing (assertive and uncooperative), collaborating (assertive and cooperative), avoiding (unassertive and uncooperative), accommodating (unassertive and cooperative) and compromising (both assertive and cooperative). Stage four is when conflict becomes visible and is known as the behavior stage. This stage includes statements, actions and reactions made by the conflicting parties; conflict management is needed the most at this point of the stages. Lastly is stage five, the outcome, and can either be a functional outcome that will allow the parties to continue to perform together or a dysfunctional outcome which

Classification of Classical Criminology Term Paper

Classification of Classical Criminology - Term Paper Example Statistics reveal the grim situation prevalent in political, social, economical, educational, entertainment, and even familial circles. The controversy on treating criminology as an academic stream exists and it is difficult to argue either in favor of it or oppose it. For instance, the issue of capital punishment is raging currently with the proponents and opponents engaged in a war of words in print and electronic media. In this cacophony and confusion, the Human Rights' Commission and their supporters claim that: the death sentence amounts to state or judiciary-sponsored murder, that it does not serve the purpose as a deterrent to potential killers, it does not take into account the basic rights of the dependants of the condemned man for a decent livelihood, and finally, that the state should rather reform the convicts so that they learn to lead a better life in society and atone for his wrongdoing by engaging in social services under the state's dictum. Every civilized society in the world has penal codes and most contain the capital punishments. The civilized society's contention is that obliteration of capital punishment from the statute book will only prod lawbreakers to commit their wanton acts with impunity. The eye-for-eye and tooth-for-tooth kind of justice prevalent in some countries like Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries have succeeded in maintaining a healthy sense of fear of the law among its citizens. So, on the one hand, justice has to be done to the perpetrator of the crime in a way that metes out punishment for the crime and at the same time also leaves him enough scope to transform. Also, the ordinary citizens longing for an orderly peaceful society has the assurance at all times that their security concerns are not compromised while dispensing justice to the criminal. (Criminology). Crime can be broadly classified into two groups of categories.     

Challenges faced by the USA in China and the East Asian Region Essay

Challenges faced by the USA in China and the East Asian Region - Essay Example The twenty-first century is mainly about policy decisions the governments make and the counter-policies that major economy governments like the USA and China make regarding them.   They are the most influential countries regarding military endowment, economic might, and political superiors. Even as this is true, other countries fit into the jigsaw and the relationship these two countries have towards the others and between each other is important in running the global economy and stability.The rising China economy has contributed a lot to globalization and has become almost the single most important factor that is shaping the fast-changing geopolitical landscape in the 20th century. This rise has shifted the focus of the developing world towards the East Asia, something that has undermined the reputation of the USA among the developing countries. China has emerged as the world’s largest manufacturing platform and has compelled the global manufacturing networks and national e conomies. For instance, the US missile defense efforts, only the Japan is supporting it while China strongly opposes the move while the South Korea remains a bystander. Japan is strongly championing for the Asian Monetary Fund, and a seat in the United Nations is slowly complicating the United States leadership in the Asian region.  As much as Japan’s plan seems to benefit the greater East Asian region, China still finds this as a stumbling block as it is determined to cripple Japan’s regional and global influences  

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Assignment - Essay Example The report by Celal and Parent is timely since it focuses on an area that did not have adequate research prior to their study. SMEs deal with the people directly as they have their management and offices in the communities they offer goods and services as opposed to multinationals that might only have offices for supply reasons and maintain decision-making functions far off in their headquarters. As such, a report that offers insights into how SMEs can survive when faced with such a recession and downturn in future is highly welcomed. The study is a revelation to those in need of a strategic plan to help their businesses stay afloat whenever they are faced with a financial crisis. Application of Celal and Parent’s report cannot be limited to a time global financial recession. The business practices that owners exercised can have wider application to business that needs to reduce their expenses for other internal financial reasons. For example, according to the study business o wners had to use methods like working longer hours, taking a salary cut, acquiring more debt, and cancellation of personal vacations (1). Such methods employed by SMEs owners during recession can still operate in rescuing businesses that need to stay afloat due to their own financial crisis. The study by Celal and Parent is important in minimizing effects of recession in future as it provides a range of changes in their review of the policy measures that business enterprises can use in face of financial crisis. One of the strengths the report has is that the researchers break down policy measures employed by SMEs into finer details. The researchers go further to analyze every aspect of the business strategy on their own before moving on to analyze the strategy as part of the whole effort of saving the SMEs from going under. The report covers all areas in which there were changes effected to ensure the SMEs survive including such area of business operation as business owner’s behavior, markets for the business, sales and marketing strategy employed, measures concerning employment, financial strategies, reactions and most requested policies, growth strategies and fiscal policies. Celal and Parent’s wide coverage of policy changes for SMEs makes it valuable due to the completeness of the analysis. Although Celal and Parent covered most of the areas that SMEs can use to fight recession in future, the analysis is not without some drawbacks, the study limits its scope to SMEs operating in Canada to arrive at its conclusions. Maximum application of the study is possible only when a business enterprise consuming this research finding operates in a business environment that is similar to the one that the SMEs that were sampled in Canada face. The study should have included business organizations in other market environments in their sample to increase the scope of application. Sampling of SMEs in other countries and market environment would also help SMEs in Canada. This would have provided insight into policy measures SMEs outside of Canada put into practice to survive the recession. The entry noted in the study by Celal and Parent as ‘other’ on the graph is not specified to indicate what they might include. There are instances when the entry goes up to 11 per cent in the analysis of changes in employment (3). Such changes

Reflection Week Essay Example for Free

Reflection Week Essay Apply ratio, vertical, and horizontal analyses to financial statements Ratio analyses are used by companies to gather information in a company’s financial statement. Ratios and numbers from a company’s current year are compared to previous years and sometimes even the economy to judge the company’s performance. There are several ratios such as profitability ratios, liquidity ratios, activity ratios, leverage ratios and market ratios that can be used to calculate financial information. In vertical analyses, each entry of the assets, liabilities and equities in a balance sheet is represented as a proportion of the total account of the financial statement. In horizontal analysis a company’s ratios are compared in the financial statements over a period of time. Horizontal analysis can be used from revenues to earnings per share. Prepare a statement of cash flows using both direct and indirect methods. When preparing a statement of cash flows, there are two different methods that can be used; there is the direct method, and there is also the indirect method. The direct method shows operating cash receipts and payments, making it more consistent with the objective of a statement of cash flow, while the indirect method adjusts net income for items that do not affect cash. The FASB allows both methods to be used because in the end the results of the total amount for net cash provided by operating activities arrive in the same way. Companies use numerous adjustments when preparing such statements so following a proper guide such as the direct method or indirect method will help to ensure that everything is properly in order the way it should be. Prepare journal entries associated with the issuance of preferred and common stocks and the declaration and payment of dividends The issuance of common stock affects only paid-in-capital accounts. Always record common stock at its par or stated value. Debit Cash and credit Common Stock. Preferred stock has preference over common stock. However, preferred stockholders do not have voting rights. The entry is debit to Cash and credit to Preferred Stock. For a corporation to issue cash dividends there must be: retained earnings, adequate cash, and a declaration of dividends. A company does not pay dividends unless its board of directors decides to do so, then it is deemed declared. When it is declared then it becomes a liability. Three important dates are observed with dividends: declaration date, record date, and the payment date. Declaration commits a corporation to legal obligations.

Health Promotion Essay: Skin Cancer Awareness and Prevention

Health Promotion Essay: Skin Cancer Awareness and Prevention Health Promotion Essay about Skin Cancer Awareness and Prevention. Include group members were Lawrence Essilfie, Olufunmilayo Dawodu,Carla Gillard, Neil Brannigan, Niamh Greaney and Fiona Opoku throughshared ideas, experiences and debates. This essay shall discuss a health promotion forum on awareness and prevention of â€Å"Skin cancer† which was carried out by student nurses, named above. The four main areas the essay will cover are assessment of health needs, approach used, and evaluation of the health forum and finally conclude with a summary of the health forum. World Health is an important issue in today’s society. A good definition of health is â€Å"A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease† (World Health Organization, 1946). Skin cancer is defined as malignant cell that forms in the tissues of the skin outer layer. Generally, most forms of skin cancer characteristic increase in a pattern. It begins with a single cell, by mysterious reasons the cell begins to reproduce extremely quickly. This uncontrollable growth leads eventually to cancerous cells which spreading through the body, affect larger areas. It occurs in both men and women (Hounsome et al, 2009). Assessment health needs is a systematic method for reviewing the health issue facing the population leading to agreed priorities and resources allocation that will improve health inequalities (NICE, 2005). There is an enormous detrimental of skin cancer in the United Kingdom (UK) and worldwide; therefore the need to educate the public is important. Epidemiological and demographic statistics Skin cancer has been established as one of the common cancer in UK, men and women are likely to get skin cancer but have not been known to be the most common cancer in women. Cancer Research UK, (2011) supported that, in 2011 13,300 people in the UK were diagnosed with skin cancer. 71% of those diagnosed with skin cancer were men, 61% of those were women and that is, 37 people globally been diagnosed every day (Worldwide Cancer, 2012). Cancer Research UK, (2011) states that one in every nine people in the UK will develop skin cancer at some point in their life; more than 300,000 cases will be diagnosed by the year 2020. It has become the most common cancer in the UK and is a leading cause of death for men aged 34 to 54 (Macmillan, 2009). According to Cancer Research UK, (2011), the strongest risk factor for skin cancer after smoking and alcohol is ultraviolet light, tanning beds, genetics and age. The older the person, the higher is the risk of developing skin cancer. NICE, (2010) supported that, skin cancer is strongly related to age with 81% of cases occurring in both sex age 50years and over and nearly 48% of cases of skin cancer are diagnosed in the 50- 69 age group. The World Health Organization WHO (2011) supports, skin cancer to be in the group top ten cause of death in high income countries. Despite the high incidence rates in western countries, 89% of people diagnosed with skin cancer are due to early detection and treatment states (Parkin et al, 2010). The Australia and New Zealand have one of the highest incidence rates worldwide including North America and USA, UK making these countries a priority for skin cancer awareness and prevention. In 2010 skin cancer resulted in an estimated 11,790 deaths in undeveloped countries and 184,000 deaths in developed countries accounting for 12 and 16 percent, respectively of all cancer deaths in men and women states Sherris, (2002). Between 2006-2008 skins cancer began to rise at the young age of 25 years, following the statistics and research completed by researchers. The target group will be from 18-40 years of age. The rational for choosing this target group was; giving information to young adults can give early discovery which can result in treatment, which increases chances of preventing, and also considering the opportunity for youngster to fully understating the risk of skin cancer (Davies Macdowall, 2006). Factors There are public health aspects to most cancers. Prevention is vital, including maintain a healthy lifestyle. There are many social factors that can affect skin cancer as stated above. Little exposures to ultraviolet light and the right timing can reduce the chances of skin cancer including awareness of the disease (American Cancer Society, 2010). Studies found that, non-melanoma incidence is rising in younger people, especially among those aged 25-39 (Bath-Hextall et al. 2007). The rates of most serious skin cancer are higher with men, as well as the deaths rate (Cancer Research UK, 2014). Malignant melanoma incidence has also risen in last 20 years in England from a rate of 6.7 per 100,000 people in 1985-87 to around 17.3 per 100,000 people in 2004-14 (Hounsome et al. 2009). Office for National Statistics, (2009) supported skin cancer is a public health issue, by placing the number of skin cancer deaths in the UK, is increasing each year. WHO, (2011) prompting the government to increase the awareness of skin cancer, like promoting UK national skin screening program, to create the awareness (Macmillan, 2009). Health Education Authority. (1998). Skin cancer prevention: policy guidelines for local authorities is to provide shade structures in public places to be utilised by general members most especially, children and young adult. Emphases were being given to the need to provide shade in areas often used. DOH (2006) Skin cancer awareness policy supported that, outdoor workers should be conscious of when and time to work, the feel and look of their skin and through contractors will obtain education in the suitable use of protective clothing and sunscreens to prevent against skin cancer. NICE (2011) skin cancer guidance is to ensure the published skin cancer measures are both comprehensive and clear to the public. It promotes self aware, also supporting being skin aware and regular skin checking together offer the best chances of finding skin cancer early. WHO, (2011) be skin aware, supported also the leaflets encourages public to become more aware of their bodies generally and to get to know their own skin. In addition, CIEH, (2005) Also stating some risk reduction might be achieved with prevention, these strategies cannot eliminate the majority of skin cancer that develop in low and middle income countries where skin cancer is diagnosed in very late stages. Therefore early detection helps in order to improve skin cancer outcome and survival remains the cornerstone of skin cancer control. Bradshaw’s’ needs The type of needs chosen for raising skin cancer awareness and prevention is normative need. Normative need is a need that is identified by health professionals based on the available sources and then judge on how the needs can be meet. One disadvantages of normative need is that it is not an objective fact it reflects on the judgement of the health professional which may be different from the patients. (Naidoo Willis, 2009). An educational approach was used because the aim of the forum was to equip individuals with the knowledge about being skin awareness so they can be able to make a well informed decision regarding their lives (Miller, 2013). The approach is intended to have an outcome for the targeted group because they will have an understanding of skin cancer and how early detection can changes life’s (Scriven, 2010). Advantage of the approach is the public’s right of free choice as long as the health promoter identifies the educational content to the individual (Ewles Simnet, 2003), the promoters in this case had identified that, giving preventive measure is beneficial. The disadvantage of the approach is in spite of the individuals being educated and given information does not necessarily mean they will change (Naidoo Willis, 2009). Methods used to educate was leaflets, showing through poster how affected skin looks, wallet size cards with information, sample sun cream also discussions once educated the visitors had the right to make an informed choice (Miller, 2013). Aims and objectives are important to be specific, measurable, achievable, and realistic time oriented (Ewles Simnet, 2003). The groups aim was to raise awareness and prevention of skin cancer to the public aged between 18-40 years. The groups objectives were that, at the end of 4-5 minutes visitors will be able to list two ways to prevent them from getting skin cancer, can name two sign, symptoms and the main causes of skin cancer, they would be able to list any two things they learnt from visiting our stand and also be able to state where they can access further information on skin cancer (Scriven, 2010). The evaluation process that had been used is impact, process, outcome and income which are in line with (Naidoo Willis, 2009). Process is described as the activity that shows detailed account of the intervention being planned and carried out (Tonnes Tilford, 2001). To achieve aims and objectives the group set up rules, each member was given a task to do which will help in achieving aims and objectives, resources that were gathered are posters, sun scream with SFP 15 and leaflets for the health forum. Achieving this, effective communication and understanding of what was expected from every member of the group (Scriven, 2010). Process Evaluation Proposed successful working in partnership with colleagues help develop each other’s strengths (Ewles Simnet, 2003). The theme of the forum was ‘BE SUN SMART’ that represents skin cancer awareness and prevention. There were writing in orange and bold stating â€Å"Skin Cancer Awareness And Prevention,† which was eye catching as a member of the group printed an image both genders why half of their faces were affected and a moles at the back representing how to sport and prevent skin cancer developing (Miller, 2013). A hat, sunglasses and T-shirt were use visually to help our visitors think how to prevent their bodies from getting skin cancer whenever they are going under the sun, be sun smart were used as a rhymed to remember our visitors, Leaflets were distributed among the people visiting the stand and different literature resources were displayed for visitors to read and also take away with them for future purposes Bunton MacDonald, 2002) This proved effective as visitors did not know how to identify normal moles from the cancerous moles (Tones Tilford, 2001). After showing of how skin changes when it’s affect by cancer cell and how to prevent those, questionnaires were distributed to the visitors in order to measure and assess whether objectives were achieved (Naidoo Wills, 2009). Questionnaires were given to each visitor who visited our stand. The questionnaire was helpful as it allows the visitors time to think about their responses with intrusion and can be distributed to vast numbers of people at the same time (Louise Parker, 2007). Freebies like a wallet size card with the help line and a website to get more information was given out, SPF 15 sun cream and a bottle of water was given out to every visitor who filled out a questionnaire. Impact evaluation is relevant to health promotion because it measures the impact of the activity (Scriven, 2010). Attending the health forum was encouraging as different age groups attended. Lecturers of the group evaluated the group’s overall presentation gave positive feedback on the presentation and overall work and we also got a very positive feedback from participant as we made her aware to visit her GP about a mole she been having over three weeks. The immediate impact was measured using the questionnaire that was distributed during the forum. All twenty five questionnaires were completed and 68% of the public that attended the forum could state the promoters objectives’ (Miller, 2013). However, 32% of the public were not sure, out of the twenty five questionnaires, twenty five were completed by the targeted group 100%. Out of the twenty five questionnaires, eighteen of them feel more confident knowing how to avoid and prevent their skin of any skin cancer and also being well aware of where to get information, therefore the promoters achieved their aims and objectives as figures were significant (Scriven, 2010). Outcome evaluation looks at long term of the health promotion activity, to see whether the objectives had been achieved or not (Tones Tilford, 2001). It is impossible to meet up with the participants who took part in the forum to gain feedback as the promoters did not obtain the contact details. Overall the presentation was excellent. The stand was very attractive. Improvement for the future would be to obtain participants contacts and enable the promoters to reach out of them where and when necessary. Also to spend a little bit more time with the participants as different people learn differently to achieve 100% of promoters’ aims and objectives. The health promoter’s role is to help people improve and gaining increase control over their health. By acting as a facilitator for assessing, evaluating and understanding health which involves working with all age groups, from a wide range of audiences (Green Tonnes, 2010). Educating the public, they will have to keep their knowledge up to date about issues arising or that needs improving, (Bennet, Perry Lawerence,2009). In conclusion the aim and objectives where achieved by raising awareness and prevention of skin cancer which is beneficial regardless of age by using an educational approach. 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Retrieved February, 9, 2011, fromwww.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index.html Lawrence (12234201) Module Code: 5NMH1018 1 | Page